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Compounds of carbon : ウィキペディア英語版 | Compounds of carbon Compounds of carbon are defined as chemical substances containing carbon.〔''Organic Chemistry'' by Abraham William Simpson〕〔''Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry'' Bruce King Ed. Second Edition〕 More compounds of carbon exist than any other chemical element except for hydrogen. Organic carbon compounds are far more numerous than inorganic carbon compounds. In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds. Carbon is tetravalent but carbon free radicals and carbenes occur as short-lived intermediates. Ions of carbon are carbocations and carbanions and are also short-lived. An important carbon property is catenation as the ability to form long carbon chains and rings.〔''Advanced Inorganic Chemistry'' Cotton, F. Albert / Wilkinson, Geoffrey〕 ==Allotropes of carbon== (詳細はallotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, and the fullerenes) blossomed with the discovery of buckminsterfullerene in 1985, as additional fullerenes and their various derivatives were discovered. One such class of derivatives is inclusion compounds, in which an ion is enclosed by the all-carbon shell of the fullerene. This inclusion is denoted by the "@" symbol in endohedral fullerenes. For example, an ion consisting of a lithium ion trapped within buckminsterfullerene would be denoted Li+@C60. As with any other ionic compound, this complex ion could in principle pair with a counterion to form a salt. Other elements are also incorporated in so-called graphite intercalation compounds.
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